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Synthetic tetrapeptide (AEDG) reported to activate telomerase in cells and modulate circadian and neuroendocrine markers. Animal and small human studies hint at healthy‑aging and sleep‑rhythm support. Evidence is preliminary and largely from a few research groups. Long‑term clinical benefits remain unproven.
Description
Epithalon (also spelled Epitalon) is a synthetic tetrapeptide with the sequence Ala–Glu–Asp–Gly (AEDG). Identified as the putative active component of a pineal extract (epithalamin), Epithalon has been investigated as a telomerase activator and regulator of circadian and neuroendocrine processes in preclinical and limited human studies. Reported activities include induction of telomerase expression, telomere length maintenance in cultured human cells, and modulation of melatonin rhythms.
Chemical Structure / Identifiers
| Property | Detail |
| Sequence | Ala–Glu–Asp–Gly (AEDG) |
| Molecular Formula | C14H22N4O9 |
| Molecular Weight | ≈ 390.35 g/mol |
| CAS Number | 307297‑39‑8 |
| PubChem CID | 219042 |
| Synonyms | Epitalon; Epithalon; AEDG; (Epithalamin is a related pineal extract, not the synthetic tetrapeptide) |
Primary Research Focus
• Telomerase and telomeres: induction of telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells in vitro; delayed cellular senescence reported. (see Khavinson 2003)
• Circadian and neuroendocrine effects: studies suggest normalization of melatonin rhythms and dopaminergic markers; exploratory trials assessing circadian gene expression. (Arutjunyan 2012; subsequent small studies)
• Geroprotection in animals: lifespan and tumor‑incidence endpoints reported in rats under altered light regimens; results primarily from one research program and require independent confirmation. (Vinogradova 2007, 2008)
• Antioxidant/cytoprotective signaling: reports of reduced oxidative damage markers and modulation of stress‑response pathways in preclinical models.
Safety / Limitations
• Research Use Only; not approved for diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of disease.
• Human evidence remains limited, with many studies originating from a single research group; replication and rigorous randomized trials are sparse.
• Claims around anti‑aging benefits should be interpreted cautiously; long‑term safety, dosing, and pharmacokinetics in humans are not well established.
Key Publications / References
PubChem Compound Summary: Epitalon (CID 219042). https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Epitalon
Khavinson VK, Bondarev IE, Butyugov AA. Epithalon peptide induces telomerase activity and telomere elongation in human somatic cells. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003;135(6):590–592. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12937682/ PDF: https://khavinson.info/assets/files/2003-Khavinson_Bondarev.pdf
Vinogradova IA et al. Effect of Ala‑Glu‑Asp‑Gly peptide on life span and development of spontaneous tumors in female rats exposed to different illumination regimes. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2007;144(6):825–830. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18856211/
Vinogradova IA et al. Geroprotective effect of Ala‑Glu‑Asp‑Gly peptide in male rats exposed to different illumination regimens. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2008;145:472–477. Springer: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10517-008-0121-7 PDF: https://khavinson.info/downloads/2008-Vinogradova.pdf
Arutjunyan A et al. Melatonin and pineal peptides correct xenobiotic‑induced disturbances in circadian rhythms; Epitalon (AEDG) noted as effective. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2012. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23237594/
Recent overview: Epitalon as a bioactive pineal peptide (review). PMC: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11943447/
Background summary (for researchers): ADDF Cognitive Vitality – Epithalamin/Epithalon. PDF: https://www.alzdiscovery.org/uploads/cognitive_vitality_media/Epithalamin-and-Epithalon-Cognitive-Vitality-For-Researchers.pdf
Reviews
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